This paper summarizes the physical principles behind the novel three-ion scenarios using radio frequency waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). We discuss how to transform mode conversion electron heating into a new flexible ICRF technique for ion cyclotron heating and fast-ion generation in multi-ion species plasmas. The theoretical section provides practical recipes for selecting the plasma composition to realize three-ion ICRF scenarios, including two equivalent possibilities for the choice of resonant absorbers that have been identified. The theoretical findings have been convincingly confirmed by the proof-of-principle experiments in mixed H-D plasmas on the Alcator C-Mod and JET tokamaks, using thermal 3He and fast D ions from neutral beam injection as resonant absorbers. Since 2018, significant progress has been made on the ASDEX Upgrade and JET tokamaks in H-4He and H-D plasmas, guided by the ITER needs. Furthermore, the scenario was also successfully applied in JET D-3He plasmas as a technique to generate fusion-born alpha particles and study effects of fast ions on plasma confinement under ITER-relevant plasma heating conditions. Tuned for the central deposition of ICRF power in a small region in the plasma core of large devices such as JET, three-ion ICRF scenarios are efficient in generating large populations of passing fast ions and modifying the q-profile. Recent experimental and modeling developments have expanded the use of three-ion scenarios from dedicated ICRF studies to a flexible tool with a broad range of different applications in fusion research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kazakov Y.O.; Ongena J.; Wright J.C.; Wukitch S.J.; Bobkov V.; Garcia J.; Kiptily V.G.; Mantsinen M.J.; Nocente M.; Schneider M.; Weisen H.; Baranov Y.; Baruzzo M.; Bilato R.; Chomiczewska A.; Coelho R.; Craciunescu T.; Crombe K.; Dreval M.; Dumont R.; Dumortier P.; Durodie F.; Eriksson J.; Fitzgerald M.; Galdon-Quiroga J.; Gallart D.; Garcia-Munoz M.; Giacomelli L.; Giroud C.; Gonzalez-Martin J.; Hakola A.; Jacquet P.; Johnson T.; Kappatou A.; Keeling D.; King D.; Kirov K.K.; Lamalle P.; Lennholm M.; Lerche E.; Maslov M.; Mazzi S.; Menmuir S.; Monakhov I.; Nabais F.; Nave M.F.F.; Ochoukov R.; Polevoi A.R.; Pinches S.D.; Plank U.; Rigamonti D.; Salewski M.; Schneider P.A.; Sharapov S.E.; Stancar Z.; Thorman A.; Valcarcel D.; Van Eester D.; Van Schoor M.; Varje J.; Weiland M.; Wendler N.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"product_cat":[574],"product_tag":[806,1161,1209,1210,1211],"class_list":["post-6733","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","product_cat-journal-articles","product_tag-magnetoplasma","product_tag-plasma-heating","product_tag-cyclotrons","product_tag-particle-beam-injection","product_tag-tokamak-devices","prodpage-style2"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/6733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6733"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=6733"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istp.cnr.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=6733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}